MULTI-METHOD DIAGNOSIS OF CRANKSHAFT POSITION SENSOR INTERFERENCE IN A THREE-CYLINDER ENGINE FOR AUTOMOTIVE VOCATIONAL TRAINING
Crankshaft Position (CKP) sensor interference can disrupt crankshaft synchronization and contribute to asymmetric ignition failure in Electronic Control Unit (ECU)-based engine management systems. This study analyzed CKP parameter deviations in a single Daihatsu Xenia 1.0 non-VVT-i vehicle equipped with an EJ-DE three-...