Treatment-Resistant Depression as a Heterogeneous Clinical Syndrome: A Personalized Medicine Framework for Diagnostic Reassessment, Suicide Risk, and Mechanism-Based Treatment
Background: Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) is an operational category based on inadequate outcome after adequate antidepressant treatment. The same label may encompass insufficient treatment exposure, an incorrect primary diagnosis, clinically important comorbidity, or depressive illnesses with different maintain...