B. Tabandeh

From Predicting Difficulty to Choosing the Safest Operative Strategy: A Systematic Review of Decision Support in Difficult Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy.

BackgroundDifficult laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) remains a major contributor to bile duct injury, bailout procedures, and conversion to open surgery. Although numerous preoperative prediction models have been developed, their ability to meaningfully support operative decision-making and safe bailout strategies rem...