An Optimization of the Two-Echelon Vehicle Routing Problem with Drones Considering Truck Travel Time and Carbon Emissions
The Two-Echelon Vehicle Routing Problem with Drones (2E VRP-D) model can initiate flights from the truck, complete several deliveries to different customer locations, and then rendezvous with the truck again. In addition to economic benefits, logistics providers must consider the environmental impacts of the order-fulf...