Badr AlKhamissi

Lingua Franca or Probing Artifact? Rethinking Latent Language in Multilingual LLMs

This work finds that identification probes systematically disagree: the GMM-based representation probe, which draws evidence from hidden state geometry, shows earlier cross-lingual mixing, whereas decoding-based probes, which rely on output-space decodability, retain sharper language-specific and more English-biased si...