Bao-Cheng Xie

Gut microbiota-immune-bone axis in osteoporosis: mechanisms and intervention strategies

Osteoporosis (OP) remains a major global health burden, yet current pharmacological interventions are constrained by adverse effects, limited efficacy, and a bone-centric therapeutic paradigm that overlooks upstream pathogenic drivers. Emerging evidence positions the gut microbiota (GM) as a critical rheostat of bone h...