Author

Bernhard Kainz

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Preprint Jul 2026

Entangled by Design: Spurious Intra-Variable Signal Routing in Tabular In-Context Learners

It is proved that under ridge ICL, a linear in-context learner, this routing is unavoidable regardless of context size; TabPFN, a state-of-the-art pretrained tabular ICL model, shows qualitatively consistent behaviour empirically, and two lightweight mitigations are introduced.

Athanasios Vlontzos, G. Papanastasiou, Bernhard Kainz et al. · 0 citations

Preprint Jul 2026

From Training to Deployment: Post-Hoc Causal Feature Identification via Sensitivity Ratios

The Normalised Sensitivity Ratio (NSR) is introduced, a post-hoc, model-agnostic diagnostic for this question under a structured-shift regime: environments differ primarily in the mean of spurious features while the causal mechanism and causal marginals remain stable, as in multi-site clinical data or multi-batch genomics.

Athanasios Vlontzos, G. Papanastasiou, Bernhard Kainz et al. · 0 citations