Sequential Hypobaric–Isobaric Levobupivacaine Segmental Thoracic Spinal Anesthesia for Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: A Prospective Observational Case Series
Background: General anesthesia (GA) remains the standard technique for laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC), but it is associated with post-operative nausea and vomiting, airway manipulation, opioid use, and delayed recovery. Segmental thoracic spinal anesthesia (STSA) offers a promising regional alternative; however, int...