Phosphate-rich municipal wastewater treatment using magnetite nanoparticles dispersed oakwood biochar-assisted pretreatment followed by air-gap membrane distillation
An integrated approach combining Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticle-loaded biochar-assisted pretreatment and air-gap membrane desalination (AGMD) was investigated for treating phosphate-rich wastewater. This study addresses key limitations of conventional coagulants, such as residual chemical load and limited removal efficien...