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Boshui Chen

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Preprint Aug 2026

WebGrader: Training LLMs for Web Development with Self-Evolving Programmatic Grader

Large language models increasingly generate complete websites from natural-language descriptions, and reinforcement learning has become a central approach to closing their remaining functional gap. This training regime is bottlenecked by reward design. Hand-authored browser scripts are executable yet costly to write for open-ended requirements, while VLM and GUI-agent graders scale but may issue verdicts before observing the decisive state. We propose WebGrader, a self-evolving programmatic grader that autonomously derives the required interaction flows from each website request, represents each flow as an executable Flow Contract, and uses its execution outcome as an RL reward. WebGrader materializes the generated project in a live browser, grounds target actions against the source code and live DOM, and collects visual, DOM, response, and persistent-state evidence along the same browser trajectory. A residual-driven offline loop then discovers reusable verifier skills, screens them on disjoint validation pages, and freezes the promoted skill graph before policy training. By separating test planning, action grounding, evidence collection, and semantic judgment, WebGrader issues a Pass verdict only after observing the requested transition. On WebGen-Bench, WebGrader trains an 8B policy to a 52.01% functional success rate, outperforming a matched appearance-plus-script reward by 7.88 points and surpassing o4-mini and DeepSeek-v4-flash. On WG-core-250, the policy reaches a Full Score of 44.953 and surpasses Qwen3-Coder-480B.

Boshui Chen, Huiping Liu, Shaolei Zhang · 0 citations
Preprint Aug 2026

From Runnable to Verifiable: An Independent Reproducibility Study of LLM/Agent-Driven Vulnerability Validation Artifacts

Security research artifacts---repositories, PoC exploits, and validation pipelines---are increasingly produced by LLM/agent-driven vulnerability workflows, yet the gap between \emph{publicly available}, \emph{runnable}, \emph{signal-producing}, and \emph{semantically confirmed} artifacts is poorly measured. We conduct a pre-registered reproducibility audit of this literature. A search covering 2023--2026 with dual screening yields a 104-paper consensus corpus, of which 59 papers (56.7\%) have a publicly reachable artifact. We execute an 18-paper sample at R0/R1 and all 102 cases of the anchor benchmark (arXiv:2509.24037), with patched-counterfactual verdicts on 30 signal-producing cases and matched-negative-control verdicts on 19. Three findings stand out. First, 58/102 (56.9\%) anchor cases contain a script-internal CVE identifier that diverges from the declared directory CVE. Second, only 10/18 (55.6\%) paper-level artifacts complete their declared workflow at R0, rising to 11/18 (61.1\%) after environment-only R1 repair. Third, artifact-embedded oracles prove unreliable: 20/30 patched-counterfactual audits still produce the claimed signal on the patched build, 7/19 matched negative controls still trigger on benign input, and the oracle confusion matrix has sensitivity 60\% and specificity 45\%. A trigger on the vulnerable build is not evidence of CVE-specific reproduction without a clean patched counterfactual. These are exploratory results from a pre-registered protocol, and our protocol---pre-registered post-conditions, R0/R1 repair ladder, G1--G3 semantic evidence levels, and patched-counterfactual oracles---is a reusable template for the security reproducibility community.

Boshui Chen · 0 citations