Extracellular matrix assembly during chondrogenic differentiation of amniotic fluid- and adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells under TGF-β3 induction
It is demonstrated that both hAF-MSCs and hAD-MSCs undergo effective chondrogenic differentiation within CX scaffolds under TGF-β3 stimulation, providing new biochemical insights into their extracellular matrix assembly and supporting their potential application in cartilage tissue engineering.