Netrin-1 Acts as a Guardian of Naive Pluripotency in Human Embryonic Stem Cells
We investigated the role of Netrin-1 (NTN1) in human naïve pluripotency using complementary loss- and gain-of-function approaches. In primate embryos and human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), Netrin-1 expression is associated with the naïve pluripotent state. Disruption of NTN1 had no detectable effect on hESCs maintained on murine embryonic fibroblasts. However, under sub-optimal culture conditions, NTN1-knockout cells exhibited compromised naïve pluripotency, which was rescued with feeder cells overexpressing Netrin-1. Netrin-1 overexpression in hESCs accelerated acquisition of the naïve state and markedly increased resistance to differentiation. These effects were accompanied by extensive epigenetic remodeling, including H3K27ac and H2K27me3. Proteomic and phospho-proteomic analyses further revealed rapid Netrin-1-dependent alterations in pathways controlling cell adhesion, signaling, and chromatin regulation. Together, these findings extend the role of Netrin-1 beyond its established functions and identify it as a coordinator of extracellular cues, intracellular signaling, and nuclear regulatory mechanisms that support human naïve pluripotency.