Open access
Sep 2026
The Double-Deficient Older Inpatient: Vitamin D and Vitamin B12 Co-Deficiency Identifies the Greatest Cognitive and Affective Burden
Vitamin D deficiency, alone or combined with B12 deficiency, consistently tracked with poorer cognition and frailty, and co-deficiency marked the subgroup at greatest cognitive and affective risk through an additive rather than synergistic mechanism.
L. Avram, V. Donca, Tudor Cosma et al.
· Nutrients · 0 citations