Beyond the Failing Heart: Deciphering the Multisystem Biology ofHeart Failure Through Remodeling, Immunometabolism, Fibrosis,and Interorgan Crosstalk
Heart failure (HF) has traditionally been conceptualized as a primary hemodynamic pump failure characterized by reduced cardiac output and compensatory fluid retention. Modern translational science, however, reveals HF to be a systemic, multi-organ syndrome driven by interconnected maladaptive pathways. This comprehens...