A Multi-Scale Hybrid Neural Network with Attention and Intelligent Optimization for High-Precision State of Charge Estimation of Lithium-Ion Batteries
With the rapid development of the new‑energy lithium‑battery industry, precise state‑of‑charge (SOC) estimation is vital for lithium‑ion battery system safety and performance. Traditional empirical or single‑model methods fail to adapt to SOC variations amid complex operating conditions and long service cycles. This...