PixSim: a calibrated open-source simulator of instant-payment fraud, recovery and interdiction under analyst capacity constraints
Brazil's Pix settles about 5.9 billion instant, irreversible transfers a month. A fraudulent transfer can be recovered only while the funds remain in a traceable account, and in 2025 the Central Bank's recovery mechanism (MED) returned 9% of accepted contested value. Interdiction therefore has to happen before settleme...
Bashir Zeimarani, Alireza Khatib, S. Mousavinasr et al.
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