Ground-Based GNSS Atmospheric Remote Sensing for Ultra-Short-Term Wind-Power Forecasting: A Direction-Proxy-Guided Graph-Residual Approach
Ground-based Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) stations provide continuous atmospheric remote sensing through electromagnetic propagation delays. Precise point positioning (PPP) yields zenith tropospheric delay (ZTD), and ZTD gradients provide a proxy for off-farm tropospheric structure that is unavailable to s...