Hydrogen-Diesel Dual-Fuel Engine Operation Using Real-Time GRU-Based Nonlinear Model Predictive Control
Hydrogen-diesel dual-fuel (H2DF) combustion reduces combustion-out CO2 emissions but exhibits nonlinear cycle-to-cycle dynamics at high hydrogen energy shares (HES). This work evaluates nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC) with a gated recurrent-unit deep neural network dynamics model for transient H2DF control. T...