Chen Chen

Residual HIV activity and host immunometabolic remodeling during antiretroviral therapy: implications for cardiovascular–kidney–metabolic risk

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) suppresses productive HIV replication but does not eliminate viral persistence, residual transcription, or host immune perturbation. Low-level viremia (LLV), generally referring to detectable plasma HIV RNA below the threshold for virologic failure, has traditionally been interpreted in rel...