Assessing Bias and Variability in Physics-Based Ground-Motion Simulations for Moderate-Magnitude Earthquakes in Southern California
We evaluate physics-based ground-motion simulations against observed motions for 30 moderate-magnitude (M 4.0–5.5) earthquakes (3604 recordings at 782 stations) in the greater Los Angeles region of southern California. Simulations use both plane-layer (1D) and laterally variable (3D) velocity structures, and performa...