Author

Cong-Shu Zhang

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Open access Sep 2026

Cholesterol-modified prognostic nutritional index: a novel nutritional biomarker for prevalent diabetic retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

To investigate the association and dose–response relationship between the cholesterol-modified prognostic nutritional index (CPNI) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and to evaluate its utility in identifying prevalent DR. In this retrospective cross-sectional stu...

Shi-Meng Huang, Li Wang, Cong-Shu Zhang et al. · Frontiers in Nutrition · 0 citations

Open access Sep 2026

The leukocyte glucose index: a novel inflammatory-glucose biomarker for prevalent diabetic retinopathy and its supplementary predictive capacity in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Background The Leukocyte Glucose Index (LGI) reflects systemic inflammation and glycemic burden and has shown promising predictive value in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. However, its association with prevalent diabetic retinopathy (DR) remains unclear. We investigated the association and dose–response relation...

Shi-Meng Huang, Li Wang, Cong-Shu Zhang et al. · Frontiers in Endocrinology · 0 citations