Development and Field Validation of WaziSense, a Low-Cost Solar-Powered IoT Smart Tensiometer for Soil–Water Monitoring and Irrigation Scheduling in Semi-Arid Agriculture
Water scarcity in semi-arid regions makes efficient irrigation scheduling a priority, yet farm-level adoption of soil-moisture monitoring remains limited by the cost, low portability and installation complexity of commercial sensing systems. This study presents the development and field validation of WaziSense, a low-c...