Integrative molecular mechanisms of lodging resistance in rice (Oryza sativa L.) culms: from DELLA–OsGSK2–BZR1 signaling to cell wall engineering and QTL-based breeding
This synthesis integrates hormonal crosstalk, hierarchical NAC-MYB cascades, emerging evidence for epigenetic regulation, and QTL-based breeding into a unified conceptual framework centered on the DELLA-OsGSK2-BZR1 module, providing a roadmap for developing next-generation lodging-resistant rice varieties.