Sustainable Bio-Based Polymer Adsorbents for Water Remediation: A Systematic Review of Functionalization Strategies, Performance Enhancement, and Circular Economy Integration
Global water scarcity affects over 57% of the world’s population, with industrial effluents discharging more than 200,000 tons of synthetic dyes and substantial heavy metal quantities annually. Conventional treatment methods remain energy-intensive and generate secondary toxic sludge, necessitating sustainable alternat...