Open access
Jul 2026
An energy-efficient clustering and routing in WSN using density based adaptive soft clustering with adaptive lotus effect optimization and IGGO.
The obtained results validate that the proposed hybrid ALEOA-IGGO framework effectively addresses the critical challenges of energy-aware clustering and reliable routing in large-scale and dynamic WSN environments.
D. Faridha Banu, N. Kumaresan
· Scientific Reports · 0 citations