Analysis of Strategic Capabilities Based on the VRIO Framework Among Chinese EV Manufacturers in Complying with Indonesia's TKDN Regulations: A Case Study of BYD and Wuling
Indonesia's Tingkat Komponen dalam Negeri (TKDN) regulation mandates that four-wheeled battery electric vehicles achieve progressively increasing local content, targeting 80% by 2030. Yet aggregate Indonesian BEV output reached only 9,847 units in 2023 approximately 0.5% of internal combustion engine production with ad...