Review
Open access
2026
E2 Service Models in O-RAN: A Specification-Grounded Tutorial and Implementation Analysis
By mapping what specifications define to what implementations deliver, this paper provides xApp developers, platform integrators, and researchers with a precise operational picture of where O-RAN intelligence is realizable today and what changes are needed to support AI-native closed-loop control at scale.
Pratheek S. Upadhyaya, Connor McPeak, Nishith D. Tripathi et al.
· IEEE Access · 0 citations