Liver-specific sustained activation of the LPS/TLR4/NF-κB pathway: from a gut-liver axis hub to cascading extensions in reproductive and neuroinflammation.
The chronic activation of the hepatic lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway, which links intestinal dysbiosis, chronic hepatic inflammation, and injury to other organs, is a crucial mechanism of pathogenesis in the gut-liver axis. Intestinal barrier disruption facilitate...