Hydro-Mechanical Degradation and Progressive Failure of Sandstone–CGFB Composite Structures Under Cyclic Water Immersion: Implications for Water-Induced Instability Risk in Backfilled Goafs
Sandstone and cemented coal gangue-fly ash backfill (CGFB) form composite load-bearing structures in goafs, where repeated water ingress and drainage may weaken stability. This study investigated sandstone–CGFB composite specimens subjected to 0, 3, 6, and 10 water immersion–drying cycles using uniaxial compression, en...