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Darman Pangaribuan

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Open access Sep 2026

Beyond the Screen: Pre-Service Teachers’ Views on Technology, Teacher Indispensability, and Play-Based English Instruction for Elementary Students

This study explores pre-service English teachers’ perspectives on three interrelated issues: the role of technology integration in learning, the enduring relevance of the teacher in the digital era, and effective strategies for teaching English to elementary students. Data were collected over a period of six months thr...

Friska Ria Sitorus, Maria Goretti Magdalena Siregar, Darman Pangaribuan et al. · 0 citations

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