Multimodal modification of Jack bean protein using physical, chemical, and thermal approaches to stabilize red fruit oil emulsions.
The utilization of jack bean protein isolate (Canavalia ensiformis) and its modification as an emulsifier for stabilizing red fruit oil (Pandanus conoideus) emulsions remains underexplored. This study investigated the effects of pH-shifting, heat treatment, ultrasonication, and their combinations on the structural, int...