Demessinova Akerke

Phatic Norms in Kazakh and English Digital Discourse: Cultural Code and Pragmatic Function

This article examines how phatic norms in Kazakh and English are condensed in the shift from face-to-face interaction to digital communication while preserving culturally specific meanings. It focuses on brief confirmations, forms of address, gratitude formulas, apologies, emojis, and other signals that sustain social...