Development of Nanostructured Electrochemical Biosensors for Early Detection of Inflammatory and Infectious Disease Biomarkers
Early detection of inflammatory and infectious diseases remains a critical global health priority, particularly in the context of emerging pathogens, antimicrobial resistance, and delayed clinical diagnosis. Conventional laboratory-based assays, while accurate, often require centralized infrastructure, skilled personnel, and extended turnaround times, limiting their accessibility in point-of-care and resource-constrained settings. To address these challenges, this paper proposes the development of nanostructured electrochemical biosensors designed for rapid, sensitive, and portable detection of key inflammatory and infectious disease biomarkers. The proposed framework integrates nanostructured electrode materials - such as metal nanoparticles, carbon-based nanomaterials, and conductive polymer composites - to enhance surface area, electron transfer kinetics, and signal amplification. Functionalization with selective biorecognition elements, including antibodies, aptamers, or molecularly imprinted polymers, enables specific detection of biomarkers such as C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), interleukins, and pathogen-associated antigens. Electrochemical transduction techniques, including differential pulse voltammetry and impedance spectroscopy, are incorporated to achieve high analytical sensitivity and low detection limits.