Pesticide exposure at chronic, field-realistic doses represents a major driver of honey bee colony weakening through sublethal and synergistic effects. This narrative review synthesizes evidence from 2010 to 2025 on neurophysiological, immunological, and behavioral impacts of major insecticide classes, with emphasis on...
Roberto Bava, F. Castagna, S. Ruga et al.· Environmental Toxicology and...· 0 citations
This study provides the first systematic evidence for in vitro anthelmintic activity of five Calabrian Citrus EOs against key stages of H. contortus and T. colubriformis, suggesting that Calabrian Citrus EOs warrant further investigation as locally sourced, sustainable anthelmintic candidates for integrated parasite ma...
Roberto Bava, F. Castagna, Carmine Lupia et al.· Veterinary parasitology· 0 citations
The current environmental risk assessment framework for pesticides remains anchored to inadequate metrics and approaches. Although regulatory bodies incorporated chronic toxicity studies and developed advanced guidance, critical gaps in implementation undermine their effectiveness. Among these gaps are 1) continued pri...
F. Castagna, S. Ruga, Roberto Bava et al.· Journal of Toxicology and En...· 0 citations
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