PM2.5 exposure impairs BMSC function and dysregulates mitochondrial oxidative stress: multi-omics insights into potential osteoporotic mechanisms.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Although PM2.5 exposure has been increasingly linked to osteoporosis, the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. This study aimed to investigate the toxic effects and molecular mechanisms of PM2.5 on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). METHODS Rat BMSCs were exposed to...