Aerodynamic performance and vortex mechanisms of a bird-like airfoil with coupled pitching, plunging, and sweeping motions
Bird wings exhibit sophisticated coupling of plunging, sweeping, and pitching motions to achieve high aerodynamic performance. To reveal the underlying aerodynamic and vortex-dynamic mechanisms, this study numerically investigates the effects of pitching amplitude αm on the lift, thrust, power consumption, and efficien...