Doyun Kim

Physics-Informed Neural Operator for Warm-Starting Background-Decomposed and Preconditioned PSFD: Enabling Scalable 3-D EUV Mask Simulation

We present a physics-informed neural operator (PINO) trained with pseudo-spectral frequency-domain (PSFD) equations for electromagnetic (EM) scattering problems in EUV lithography. The Fourier neural operator is factorized into a two-dimensional lateral ($xy$) branch and a one-dimensional axial ($z$) branch and is trai...