Dzung Nguyen–Le

Interdecadal pacific oscillation modulation of a South Atlantic precursor of following-winter ENSO

The South Atlantic sea-surface-temperature (SST) dipole has been proposed as a precursor of following-winter El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), but its unstable relationship with ENSO has limited its predictive use. Here, using observations, reanalysis, and a large model ensemble, we show that this instability is mod...