Insights into Genetic Diversity Within the Auliekol Cattle Breed Using SNP Genotyping
Simple Summary The Auliekol breed is a domestic beef cattle breed of Kazakhstan, formed on the basis of inter-breeding and adapted to local conditions. Assessing the genetic diversity and population structure of this breed is essential for further breeding and preservation of genetic resources. In this study, genetic variability and structure of eight Auliekol cattle populations were analyzed using SNP markers (BovineSNP50 BeadChip). The results obtained showed a high level of genetic diversity but weak differentiation between populations and the absence of pronounced inbreeding. PCA, ADMIXTURE, and fineSTRUCTURE analyses supported the presence of a common genetic background and substantial genetic similarity among farms. Moreover, the identified genetic exchange between populations indicates the important role of selection practices and exchange of breeding material. The obtained data can be used to develop effective breeding programs and preserve the Auliekol breed.