Immunomodulatory Properties of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Their Extracellular Vesicles: Potential Clinical Applications in Autoimmune Diseases
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)/mesenchymal stromal cells and their extracellular vesicles (EVs), particularly exosomes, have emerged as therapeutic candidates in regenerative medicine due to their multipotency, low immunogenicity, and extensive immunomodulatory properties. This narrative review provides a narrative synt...