This study assessed the effectiveness of environmental protection and management systems in promoting environmental sustainability in Kigali City, Rwanda. A mixed-methods research design was employed to examine the contribution of environmental policies, institutions, implementation mechanisms, and stakeholder participation to sustainable environmental outcomes. Quantitative data were collected from 400 household respondents selected through stratified random sampling across the districts of Gasabo, Kicukiro, and Nyarugenge, while qualitative data were obtained from purposively selected key informants, site observations, and document review. The sample size was determined using Yamane’s formula. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics, specifically frequencies and percentages, and presented through tables and figures, while qualitative data were analysed using thematic content analysis to identify key patterns and perspectives. The findings revealed that Rwanda has established comprehensive environmental policies, regulations, and institutional frameworks that have significantly contributed to environmental sustainability in Kigali City. Environmental protection and management systems have improved environmental outcomes through effective waste management, green urban planning, environmental impact assessments, wetland restoration, biodiversity conservation, and community participation. These interventions have enhanced environmental conservation and supported sustainable urban development. However, the study identified several challenges limiting effectiveness, including inadequate funding, weak enforcement of environmental regulations, limited technical and institutional capacity, insufficient community participation in decision-making, and coordination gaps among stakeholders. The study concludes that environmental protection and management systems have made substantial contributions to environmental sustainability in Kigali City, although implementation and governance challenges continue to constrain their full effectiveness. It recommends strengthening environmental law enforcement, enhancing institutional coordination, increasing financial and technical support, and promoting participatory and sustainable urban planning practices to improve long-term environmental sustainability.
Vumilia Umutoni, E. Sibomana· East African Journal of Envi...· 0 citations
Aims: This study assessed the effectiveness of soil conservation practices (SCPs) in controlling soil erosion and examined their contribution to sustainable crop production, using the Food Basket Sites (FoBaSi) programme of Ngororero District, Rwanda, as a case study.
Study Design: A cross-sectional, descriptive-explanatory research design combining quantitative and qualitative methods was adopted.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted between 2025 and 2026 across 50 Food Basket Sites in the 13 sectors of Ngororero District, an East African highland agricultural landscape in Western Province, Rwanda.
Methodology: Cross-sectional mixed-methods was employed for the study of 367 farming households (Yamane's formula, stratified sampling) plus 39 key informants across Ngororero District. Data came from household surveys, field observations, interviews, and secondary records. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation, and multiple regression in SPSS; qualitative data were analyzed thematically.
Results: Radical terracing (85%) and progressive terracing (78%) were the most widely adopted SCPs, whereas cover cropping (45%) and water harvesting (40%) showed relatively low adoption. Indicators of soil erosion remained prevalent, including bare soil patches (70%), rills (65%), and gullies (40%), suggesting inadequate maintenance and limited integration of biological conservation measures. Soil conservation practices were significantly and positively associated with crop yield, yield stability, land productivity, and household food security (p < 0.01). Multiple regression analysis showed that terracing, agroforestry, mulching, and cover cropping explained 68% of the variation in sustainable crop production (R = 0.825, R² = 0.680, Adjusted R² = 0.676; F (4,362) = 45.2, p < 0.001), with terracing (β = 0.45) and agroforestry (β = 0.35) being the strongest predictors. Furthermore, 80% of farmers reported increased and more stable crop yields, 65% reported higher farm income, and 74.1% perceived improved resilience to climate variability.
Conclusion: Integrated implementation of structural and biological soil conservation practices significantly enhances sustainable crop production despite persistent erosion challenges. Strengthening maintenance, expanding biological conservation measures, and improving extension support and financial access are essential to increase agricultural productivity and climate resilience in Rwanda's highland Food Basket Sites.
Azalie Bazambanza, E. Sibomana· International Journal of Pla...· 0 citations
