Eman A. Alshari

Interpretable water and agricultural land cover in urban landscapes using CNN–ViT framework with Grad-CAM for agricultural sustainability

Accurate land-use and land-cover classification in hyper-arid environments is challenging because several surface types can exhibit overlapping spectral and spatial characteristics in Landsat imagery. These surfaces include water, irrigated agriculture, moist soil, barren land, and built-up areas. This study proposes...