Emre Vuraloğlu

Beyond smoking in COPD: an etiotype-based approach across the life course and its use in primary care: a narrative review

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a heterogeneous lung disease. It is characterized by chronic respiratory symptoms and persistent airflow obstruction. Cigarette smoking remains the most important preventable risk factor in many populations. However, COPD cannot be explained by smoking alone. Poor lung de...