F. Alqeaid

Advances and ongoing controversies in patent foramen ovale closure and cryptogenic stroke: a 2025 review

Cryptogenic stroke accounts for roughly one-third of all ischemic strokes, with patent foramen ovale (PFO) playing a significant role in many of these cases due to paradoxical embolism. Percutaneous PFO closure techniques have advanced significantly over the last decade, as randomized controlled trials showed lower rec...