Digital twins and explainable AI across the vaccine life cycle: from mRNA manufacturing to thermostability, cold-chain logistics, and immunisation services.
The evidence indicates that DTs are progressing from static simulations to operational twins for plasmid-to-mRNA production, supporting virtual commissioning, rapid scale-up and real-time optimisation, and XAI-enabled approaches improve stability prediction, and artificial intelligence of things (AIoT) architectures st...