F. Mazzeo

Modeling the Melanoma Tumor Microenvironment: From 3D Cultures to Predictive 4D In Vitro Platforms

This narrative review provides a critical overview of advanced melanoma modeling platforms, including scaffold-free and scaffold-based 3D systems, spheroids, patient-derived organoids, assembloids, bioprinted constructs, and microfluidic tumor-on-chip devices, together with 4D time-resolved approaches.