F. Shirzad

Evaluation of Large Language Models in the Clinical Management of Patients With Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding: Insights From Real‐World Patient Data

LLMs showed moderate performance in UGIB risk stratification and endoscopic prediction but were inferior to clinical scores, especially GBS, while hybrid models modestly improved over standalone LLMs but not GBS, supporting their use as adjunct tools rather than clinical decision‐support systems.