Effect of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation on postoperative sleep quality in older patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy: protocol for a prospective, randomised, double-blind, controlled trial
Abstract Introduction Postoperative sleep disturbances (PSDs) are highly prevalent in older surgical patients, leading to impaired recovery and increased complications. Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) is a non-invasive neuromodulation technique. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of perio...