Engineering Small Extracellular Vesicles for Colon-Targeted Delivery: Microenvironment-Responsive Design, Therapeutic Mechanisms, and Clinical Translation
Abstract Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are endogenous lipid-bilayer nanovesicles that combine cargo protection, biological membrane compatibility, and modifiable surface recognition. For colon-targeted delivery, their value depends on engineering them to withstand gastric acidity and proteolysis, negotiate the mu...