The Effect of Crude Oil, Coal, and Gold Price Volatility on the Volatility of the Composite Stock Price Index (JCI) on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during 2018–2025
This research seeks to investigate the influence of volatility in crude oil, coal, and gold prices on the volatility of the Jakarta Composite Index on the Indonesia Stock Exchange over the 2018–2025 period. This timeframe was chosen due to its inclusion of key global events, including the US–China trade war, the Covid-...